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Below are a few major topics for this chapter. Note: these are NOT the only topics you should know; you are expected to master everything discussed in this chapter.

• Hint Animal life cycle
• Hint Alternation of generations in plants
• Hint Structure of a flower
• Hint Double fertilization
• Hint Fruits
• Hint Meristems
• Hint Vascular system of a plant
• Hint Structure of a stem
• Hint Simple and compound leaves
• Hint Ecological succession