Plants evolved from ancestral algae that were multicellular, photosynthetic, and aquatic. Over time, plants adapted to survive the dry conditions on land.

• Nonvascular plants lack efficient internal transport of fluids; sperm swim to eggs.
  Example: mosses live in damp habitat and are small.

• Seedless vascular plants have vascular systems for internal transport.
  Example: ferns can live in drier soil.

• Gymnosperms produce seeds but not flowers or fruits; sperm travel to eggs via pollen tubes.
  Example: pine seeds are enclosed in cones.

• Angiosperms produce flowers and fruits that contain seeds.
  Example: grasses and forbs are adapted to arid conditions on land.